Prevención del suicidio: concepción de estudiantes universitarios / Suicide prevention: university students' conception / Prevenção do suicídio: concepção de estudantes universitários

Resumen Introducción: El ingreso en las Universidades representa un cambio en el estilo de vida social, económico, personal y mental en los discentes (estudiantes). A veces el proceso de habituación representa un factor estresante que puede culminar en síntomas de ansiedad y depresión, y representa un factor de riesgo para la salud mental. Objetivo: Analizar la concepción de los discentes del Curso de Bachillerato en Enfermería, sobre la experiencia de vivenciar discusiones sobre la temática de suicidio. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo-exploratorio de abordaje cualitativo realizado en una Universidad Federal del Nordeste de Brasil, cuyo manejo de la información se realizó con un software de procesamiento de datos. En la investigación participaron quince estudiantes del curso Bachillerato en Enfermería que integraban el Proyecto de Intervención Ser, Saber, Escuchar, Vivir, en el cual se desarrollan acciones para los universitarios sobre prevención al suicidio y valorización de la vida. Resultados: Los resultados fueron analizados a partir de la nube de palabras y la representación gráfica del análisis de similitud, se observó que la concepción de los discentes se resumió a las palabras Proyecto y Salud. La palabra proyecto se relacionó con la motivación y las experiencias de los discentes, y la palabra salud con el suicidio como problema de salud pública. Conclusión: La discusión sobre el tema se muestra positiva en la Academia por favorecer un espacio de escucha y libertad de diálogo que proporciona alivio mental, contribuye a minimizar síntomas de ansiedad y depresión entre los discentes, y puede contribuir a reducir los índices de suicidio en la institución.

Abstract Introduction: Entering the university entails changes in the students' lifestyles regarding the social, economic, personal, and metal areas. Sometimes, the related habituation process can produce stress, which is externalized as anxiety and depression, and which can become a risk to the students' mental health. Objective: To analyze the conception which students from a course of nursing have on experiencing discussions around suicide. Methods: This is a descriptive-exploratory qualitative study carried out in a Federal University of Northeastern Brazil. Fifteen students from a course of nursing, who integrated a project to develop actions on suicide prevention and life valorization, participated in this study. The resulting information was produced using a data processing software. Results: The conceptions were analyzed through a word-cloud and graphical representation of similarities methodology. The resulting combined conception was summarized by the words Project and Health, representing the students' motivation and experiences, and suicide as a health problem, respectively. Conclusion: The corresponding free-dialog discussion on the issue provided mental relief among the students by minimizing their symptoms of anxiety and depression. This approach can contribute to reduce the suicide rates in the institution.

Resumo Introdução: O ingresso nas universidades representa uma mudança no modo de vida social, econômico, pessoal e mental dos estudantes. Às vezes, o processo de habituação representa um estressor que pode culminar em sintomas de ansiedade e depressão e, desse modo, representar um fator de risco para saúde mental. Objetivo: Analisar a percepção dos discentes sobre a experiência de vivenciar discussões sobre temática de suicídio. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado em uma Universidade Federal do Nordeste do Brasil. Participaram da pesquisa 15 estudantes do curso Bacharelado em Enfermagem que integravam o Projeto de Intervenção Ser, Saber, Ouvir, Viver, no qual eram desenvolvidas ações de prevenção ao suicídio e valorização da vida direcionado aos estudantes universitários da instituição. Resultados: Os resultados foram analisados a partir a nuvemn da palavra e da representação gráfica de análise de similaridade, observou-se que a concepção dos alunos foi resumida às palavras Projeto e Saúde. A palavra projeto estava relacionada à motivação e as experiências dos alunos e a palavra saúde com suicídio como um problema de saúde público. Conclusão: Portanto, o projeto em questão além de favorecer um ambiente de liberdade de diálogo no âmbito acadêmico, proporciona também alívio mental que, com o passar das reuniões, pode minimizar os sintomas depressivos e ansiosos que os discentes podem apresentar, em consequência, reduzindo os índices de suicídio na instituição.

Aquatic life protection index of an urban river Bacanga basin in northern Brazil, São Luís - MA / Índice de proteção da vida aquática em uma bacia urbana do rio Bacanga no norte do Brasil, São Luís - MA

Abstract Bacanga River Basin faces environmental problems related to urbanization and discharge of untreated domestic sewage, which compromise its ecosystem health. Due to the small number of studies that assessed its water quality, the present study aimed to assess the current status of this ecosystem based on the aquatic life protection index. Samples were carried out every two months, in a total of six events, in six sites along the basin, where the water samples were collected to assess physicochemical parameters and calculate the trophic state index and the index of minimum parameters for the protection of aquatic communities. The data were also compared with values determined by the resolution National Environment Council - CONAMA 357/05. Our results reveal significant changes in the water quality of Bacanga River Basin. An increase in nutrients and chlorophyll-a concentration led it to eutrophication. The surfactant values were high and put in danger the aquatic biota. Dissolved oxygen rates were below the values allowed by the resolution in most sites sampled. The current water quality is terrible for the protection of aquatic life in 61.92% of the sites sampled.

Resumo A Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Bacanga (BHRB) apresenta problemas ambientais relacionados a urbanização e lançamentos de esgoto in natura que comprometem a qualidade desse ecossistema. Devido ao reduzido número de estudos associados à avaliação da qualidade da água no local, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a situação atual desse ecossistema por meio do Índice de Proteção da Vida Aquática. Seis amostragens bimestrais foram realizadas em seis pontos ao longo da bacia, coletando parâmetros físico-químicos para a aplicação do Índice de Estado Trófico e Índice de Parâmetros Mínimos para a Proteção da Vida Aquática, relacionando-os com a resolução Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente - CONAMA/357. Os resultados revelaram alterações significativas na qualidade da água da BHRB, o aumento de nutrientes e das concentrações de clorofila-a conduziram ao um estado geral de eutrofização. Os valores de surfactantes foram altos colocando em risco a biota aquática e as taxas de oxigênio dissolvido estiveram abaixo do permitido pela resolução na maioria dos pontos amostrados. A situação atual da qualidade da água para proteção da vida aquática é péssima em 61,92% dos pontos amostrados.

Supraorganized collagen enhances Schwann cell reactivity and organization in vitro

We investigated the reactivity and expression of basal lamina collagen by Schwann cells (SCs) cultivated on a supraorganized bovine-derived collagen substrate. SC cultures were obtained from sciatic nerves of neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats and seeded on 24-well culture plates containing collagen substrate. The homogeneity of the cultures was evaluated with an SC marker antibody (anti-S-100). After 1 week, the cultures were fixed and processed for immunocytochemistry by using antibodies against type IV collagen, S-100 and p75NTR (pan neurotrophin receptor) and for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Positive labeling with antibodies to the cited molecules was observed, indicating that the collagen substrate stimulates SC alignment and adhesion (collagen IV labeling - organized collagen substrate: 706.33 ± 370.86, non-organized collagen substrate: 744.00 ± 262.09; S-100 labeling - organized collagen: 3809.00 ± 120.28, non-organized collagen: 3026.00 ± 144.63, P < 0.05) and reactivity (p75NTR labeling - organized collagen: 2156.33 ± 561.78, non-organized collagen: 1424.00 ± 405.90, P < 0.05; means ± standard error of the mean in absorbance units). Cell alignment and adhesion to the substrate were confirmed by SEM analysis. The present results indicate that the collagen substrate with an aligned suprastructure, as seen by polarized light microscopy, provides an adequate scaffold for SCs, which in turn may increase the efficiency of the nerve regenerative process after in vivo repair.

Qualidade microbiologica da carne de frango irradiada em embalagem convencional e a vácuo / Microbiological evaluation of chicken breast meat irradiated in conventional and vacuum package

Foram avaliados os efeitos da radiação gama nas doses de 1,5 e 3,0kGy, em peitos de frango embalados em embalagem convencional e a vácuo. As amostras embaladas foram submetidas à irradiação e estocadas sob refrigeração (4ºC) por 30 dias. A radiação mostrou-se eficiente na redução de mesófilos aeróbios estritos e facultativos viáveis, coliformes totais e termotolerantes, com destaque para Salmonella spp. Os bolores e leveduras mostraram-se bastante resistentes à radiação. Os resultados sugerem que a dose de 3,0kGy pode ser utilizada no controle da microbiota do peito de frango armazenado sob refrigeração, sendo uma alternativa para o aumento da vida de prateleira por até 10 dias, ao garantir a segurança do consumidor pela eliminação de possíveis patógenos.

The effects of gamma radiation doses of 1.5 and 3.0kGy on chicken breasts packed under conventional or vacuum atmosphere were evaluated. The packed samples were subjected to irradiation and stored under refrigeration (4ºC) for 30 days. The radiation was efficient in reducing strict and facultative aerobic mesophiles, total and fecal coliforms, and mainly Salmonella spp. The molds and yeasts were very resistant to radiation. The results suggest that gamma radiation at 3.0kGy can be used to control the microbiota in chicken breast stored under refrigeration, as an alternative to extend the shelf-life for more than ten days and ensure the food safety by eliminating potential pathogens.

The immunomodulator glatiramer acetate influences spinal motoneuron plasticity during the course of multiple sclerosis in an animal model

The immunomodulador glatiramer acetate (GA) has been shown to significantly reduce the severity of symptoms during the course of multiple sclerosis and in its animal model - experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Since GA may influence the response of non-neuronal cells in the spinal cord, it is possible that, to some extent, this drug affects the synaptic changes induced during the exacerbation of EAE. In the present study, we investigated whether GA has a positive influence on the loss of inputs to the motoneurons during the course of EAE in rats. Lewis rats were subjected to EAE associated with GA or placebo treatment. The animals were sacrificed after 15 days of treatment and the spinal cords processed for immunohistochemical analysis and transmission electron microscopy. A correlation between the synaptic changes and glial activation was obtained by performing labeling of synaptophysin and glial fibrillary acidic protein using immunohistochemical analysis. Ultrastructural analysis of the terminals apposed to alpha motoneurons was also performed by electron transmission microscopy. Interestingly, although the GA treatment preserved synaptophysin labeling, it did not significantly reduce the glial reaction, indicating that inflammatory activity was still present. Also, ultrastructural analysis showed that GA treatment significantly prevented retraction of both F and S type terminals compared to placebo. The present results indicate that the immunomodulator GA has an influence on the stability of nerve terminals in the spinal cord, which in turn may contribute to its neuroprotective effects during the course of multiple sclerosis.

Correlation of polymorphism C3435T of the MDR-1 gene and the response of primary chemotherapy in women with locally advanced breast cancer

Primary chemotherapy is a useful strategy for the treatment of locally advanced breast cancer and therefore allows in vivo evaluation of the action of cytotoxic drugs and the possibility of accomplishing conservative breast surgeries, as well as the early treatment of metastasis. Mechanisms of resistance to the drugs include the action of protein associated with the efflux of drugs from the intracellular environment hindering their activity; one of the most studied proteins is P-glycoprotein codified by the MDR-1 gene. The presence of polymorphisms can determine different physiological actions of these proteins, intervening with the response of the drug’s action. We evaluated the presence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) C3435T of the MDR-1 gene and its correlation with the response to primary chemotherapy using the RECIST criteria. Forty-one Brazilian women with stages II and III breast cancer using the PCR-RFLP analysis were evaluated. Thirty-three patients with the SNP genotype (TT and CT) and eight patients with the wild genotype (CC) were found; there was no statistically significant correlation between the diverse genotypes and the clinical and pathological responses according to the Cramer correlation coefficient (V = 0.14). The parameters: nuclear and histological degree, and estrogens, progesterone and c-erb B2 receptors did not demonstrate a statistical correlation with the SNP C3435T. Patients with complete pathological response (12.5%) showed only the polymorphic genotype and not the wild genotype. The characteristics of miscegenation in our population could explain the absence of the characterization of a sub-group of individuals where the presence of the polymorphic genotype influenced the response to the primary chemotherapy.

Schistosome/mollusk: genetic compatibility

Schistosomiasis remains one of the most prevalent parasitic infections and has significant economic and public health consequences in many developing countries. Economic development and improvement in standard of living in these countries are dependent on the elimination of this odious disease. For the control of Schistosomiasis, understanding the host/parasite association is important, since the host parasite relationship is often complex and since questions remain concerning the susceptibility of snails to infection by respective trematodes and their specificity and suitability as hosts for continued parasite development. Thus, the long term aim of this research is to learn more about the genetic basis of the snail/parasite relationship with the hope of finding novel ways to disrupt the transmission of this disease. In the current research, genetic variability among susceptible and resistant strains within and between Biomphalaria glabrata and B. tenagophila was investigated using RAPD-PCR. The results indicate great genetic variations within the two snail species using three different primers (intrapopulational variations), while specimens from the same snail species showed few individual differences between the susceptible and resistant strains (interpopulational variation).

Feeding habits of Chironomid larvae (Insecta: Diptera) from a stream in the Floresta da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Chironomids larvae are frequently one of the most abundant and diverse groups of insects in several kinds of aquatic environments. Also, they play a major role in the aquatic food webs, representing a major link among producers and secondary consumers. This work investigates the feeding behavior of the chironomid larvae present in the Rio da Fazenda, situated in the Parque Nacional da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between August 1994 and May 1995. Algae, fungi, pollen, leaf and wood fragments, animal remains, detritus and silt were the main gut contents found in the larvae studied. The main food item ingested by the larvae was detritus, except for the Stenochironomus whose main food source was leaf and wood fragments. Tanypodinae exhibited a large quantity of animal remains of several kinds in the diet. During the period studied it was observed that the diet of 16 genera (out of 24 studied) varied. Tanypodinae had mainly coarse particulate organic matter (> 1 mm) in the gut contents, while Chironominae and Orthocladiinae had fine particulate organic matter (< 1 mm)

Surveillance of pediatric infections in a teaching hospital in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Nosocomial infections (NI) result in considerably high mortality and morbidity rates, especially among pediatric patients. Considering current worldwide changes, information about the occurrence of pathogens and susceptibility tests are now seen as decisive for optimizing treatment. The purpose of this research was to determine the frequency of microorganisms, antimicrobial and genetic profiles, and risk factors associated with nosocomial infections in a teaching hospital in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. From January 1998 to December 1999, 108 patients were characterized as having nosocomial infection, from which 137 pathogens were isolated. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by conventional and automated techniques. Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were characterized by Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). Pathogens were most often isolated from infants one-month old or younger, and bloodstream infections were the most frequent. The main isolated agents isolated were: coagulase-negative staphylococci (38), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19), S. aureus (26), K. pneumoniae (18), and Candida spp. (13). The risk conditions that were most closely related to NI acquisition were: prolonged hospital stays (69.4 percent), prematurity (60.9 percent) and exposure to high-risk device procedures (95.4 percent). Ciprofloxacin and imipenem were the most effective drugs, inhibiting all or almost all of the Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus isolates. Only 23 percent of the S. aureus samples were resistant to oxacillin. Genomic typing revealed 10 distinct patterns for S. aureus and 13 for K. pneumoniae, suggesting that most them did not belong to the same clone. PFGE was effective in differentiating the strains

Mortalidade por "septicemia dos peixes tropicais" em tilápias criadas em consorciação com suínos

A rural property was observed for one year to obtain seasonal observations of Edwardsiella septicemia in tilapias (Oreochromis sp.) from an integrated fish farm (using pig excrements as food). Fifty tilapias on summer, forty-five on autumn, fifty-five on winter and one hundred and five on spring were collected and evaluated microbiologically for the presence of Edwardsiella tarda. Samples of the external surface (skin, gills and fin), intestines and muscle were analyzed. Fishes were transported alive to the laboratory, and maintained for five days for observation. The external signs observed were opacity of cornea, respiratory difficulty, disordered swimming, nodules on gills, hemorrhagic lesions under the skin and fins and incoordination of the posterior part of the body. In general, after three days of observation, the tilapias died. At necropsy, ascites with the distension of the celomatic cavity, hemorrhagic and necrotic lesions in the liver, spleen and kidneys were found. Hemorrhagic enteritis was observed in the gut tube. Edwardsiella tarda isolated presented the following biochemical profile: negative urea, sucrose, phenylalanine desaminase and malonate utilization, and positive indole, methyl red, H2S, motility, glucose with gas production and lysine decarboxylase. The mortality rates were 69.9% on spring, 63.6% on winter, 48.0% on summer and 40.0% on autumn, highest rates occurring on spring and winter (P 0,05).

Com o objetivo de estudar a variação sazonal da septicemia dos peixes tropicais provocada por Edwardsiella tarda foram observadas 50 tilápias (Oreochromis sp.) no verão, 45 no outono, 55 no inverno e 105 na primavera. Os peixes doentes apresentavam opacidade de córnea, dificuldade respiratória, nado desordenado, nódulos nas brânquias e lesões hemorrágicas na pele e nadadeiras. Após três dias de observação as tilápias morriam naturalmente. Nas necrópsias foi encontrado ascite com distensão da cavidade celomática e lesões hemorrágicas e necróticas no fígado, baço e rins. No interior do tubo digestivo observou-se enterite hemorrágica. Isolou-se Edwardsiella tarda a partir de provas positivas para H2S, lisina, indol, motilidade e glicose com gás. Os índices de mortalidade foram: na primavera 69,9%, no inverno 63,6%, no verão 48,0% e no outono 40,0%.

Apoptosis of sensory neurons and satellite cells after sciatic nerve transection in C57BL/6J mice

The rate of axonal regeneration, after sciatic nerve lesion in adult C57BL/6J mice, is reduced when compared to other isogenic strains. It was observed that such low regeneration was not due just to a delay, since neuronal death was observed. Two general mechanisms of cell death, apoptosis and necrosis, may be involved. By using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique, we demonstrated that a large number of sensory neurons, as well as satellite cells found in the dorsal root ganglia, were intensely labeled, thus indicating that apoptotic mechanisms were involved in the death process. Although almost no labeled neurons or satellite cells were observed one week after transection, a more than ten-fold increase in TUNEL labeling was detected after two weeks. The results obtained with the C57BL/6J strain were compared with those of the A/J strain, which has a much higher peripheral nerve regeneration potential. In A/J mice, almost no labeling of sensory neurons or satellite cells was observed after one or two weeks, indicating the absence of neuronal loss. Our data confirm previous observations that approximately 40 percent of C57BL/6J sensory neurons die after sciatic nerve transection, and indicate that apoptotic events are involved. Also, our observations reinforce the hypothesis that the low rate of axonal regeneration occurring in C57BL/6J mice may be the result of a mismatch in the timing of the neurons need for neurotrophic substances, and production of the latter by non-neuronal cells in the distal stump

Non-neuronal cells are not the limiting factor for the low axonal regeneration in C57BL/6J mice

Peripheral axonal regeneration was investigated in adult male mice of the C57BL/6J (C), BALB/cJ (B) and A/J (A) strains and in their F1 descendants using a predegenerated nerve transplantation model. Four types of transplants were performed: 1) isotransplants between animals of the C, B and A strains; 2) donors of the C strain and recipients of the C x B and C x A breeding; 3) donors of the B strain and recipients of the C x B breeding, and 4) donors of the A strain and recipients of the C x A breeding. Donors had the left sciatic nerve transected and two weeks later a segment of the distal stump was transplanted into the recipient. Four weeks after transplantation the regenerated nerves were used to determine the total number of regenerated myelinated fibers (TMF), diameter of myelinated fibers (FD) and myelin thickness (MT). The highest TMF values were obtained in the groups where C57BL/6J mice were the donors (C to F1 (C x B) = 4658 + OR - 304; C to F1 (C x A) = 3899 + OR - 198). Also, A/J grafts led to a significantly higher TMF (A to F1 (C x A) = 3933 + OR - 565). Additionally, isotransplant experiments showed that when the nerve is previously degenerated, C57BL/6J mice display the largest number of myelinated fibers (C to C = 3136 + OR - 287; B to B = 2759 + OR - 170, and A to A = 2835 + OR - 239). We also observed that when C57BL/6J was the graft donor, FD was the highest and MT did not differ significantly when compared with the other groups. These morphometric results reinforce the idea that Schwann cells and the nerve environment of C57BL/6J provide enough support to the regenerative process. In this respect, the present results support the hypothesis that the non-neuronal cells, mainly Schwann cells, present in the sciatic nerve of C57BL/6J mice are not the main limiting factor responsible for low axonal regeneration

Quantificaçäo da hidroxiprolina como índice de qualidade de salsicha comercializada em Belo Horizonte-MG / Quantification of hydroxyproline as an index of quality for frankfurter sold in Belo Horizonte, Brazil

O presente estudo teve como objetivo estimar o teor de colágeno em salsichas mediante a quantificaçäo da hidroxiprolina. Amostras de salsichas produzidas por indústrias de pequeno, médio e grande porte, classificadas em funçäo do mercado atendido, foram analisadas quanto ao seu conteúdo em hidroxiprolina, por técnica colorimétrica. O teor de colágeno foi significativamente diferente, baseado na quantidade de hidroxiprolina presente nas amostras de salsicha. As amostras que apresentaram o menor teor de colágeno foram as da indústria de médio porte (0,45 por cento), seguida daquelas da indústria de grande porte (0,64 por cento). As salsichas da indústria de pequeno porte apresentaram o maior teor de colágeno (0,89 por cento). Esses resultados mostram que esse teste pode ser utilizado para classificaçäo qualitativa de salsichas, em funçäo dos teores de colágeno

Antagonismo in vitro e in vivo de Bifidobacterium sp. diante de Salmonella enteritidis var. typhimurium / In vitro and in vivo Bifidobacterium sp antagonism to Salmonella enteritidis var. typhimurium

O antagonismo exercido por uma cepa comercial de bifidobactéria diante da Salmonella enteritidis var. typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, Yersinia enterocolitica e Escherichia coli foi determinado in vitro (ágar MRS e BHI) e in vivo (camundongos gnotoxênicos monoassociados com Bifidobacterium sp. e desafiados com S. enteritidis var. typhimurium). Um extenso halo de inibiçäo contra as bactérias-alvo testadas foi observado ao redor do Bifidobacterium sp. no meio MRS, mas näo no BHI. No ensaio in vivo, näo foi observado nenhum efeito antagonista entre as duas bactérias (Bifidobacterium sp. e S. enteritidis var. typhimurium) que se instalaram em níveis populacionais em torno de 9,0 log UFC/g de fezes, mesmo quando a bactéria láctica foi pré-associada durante 5 dias antes do desafio. Os resultados mostram que o antagonismo observado in vitro varia segundo as condiçöes de cultivo e näo pode ser extrapolado para in vivo

Efeito do peso de abate nos pesos da carcaça e dos componentes corpóreos de novilhos Nelores e mestiços Canchim-Nelore / Effect of slaughter weight on carcass and body components of Nelore and Canchim-Nelore steers

Foram estudados 40 novilhos, 20 da raça Nelore (N) e 20 mestiços Canchim-Nelore (CN), com peso médio de 300kg e idade entre 24 e 30 meses no início do experimento. Trinta animais foram separados aleatoriamente (15 de cada grupo racial) e confinados, com raçäo à base de cana, milho e farelo de soja; os demais foram abatidos no início do experimento. O abate foi seriado, em quatro etapas: no início e aos 60, 90 e 120 dias de confinamento. A cada abate foram analisados cinco novilhos de cada grupo racial. O objetivo do trabalho foi comparar os pesos de carcaça e dos componentes corpóreos: cabeça, couro, fígado, coraçäo, pulmöes, rins, gordura animal e gordura perirenal e pélvica dos grupos raciais, ajustados ao mesmo peso de abate, empregando-se equaçöes de regressäo simples definidas para cada grupo, e avaliar o efeito de peso crescente de abate (330 a 510 kg com intervalos de 30kg) sobre as variáveis que apresentassem os melhores ajustes. As médias näo ajustes de peso de abate, peso e rendimento de carcaça näo diferiram (P>0,05), apesar dos 12,5kg a mais no peso médio de abate do CN, que representaram apenas 2,5kg a mais na carcaça, em virtude de um rendimento maior do N. Na comparaçäo dos pesos ajustados a 420kg, foram encontradas diferenças (P<0,05) apenas no fígado (N=5,21 e CN=4,79kg) e pulmöes (N=3,78 e CN=4,06kg). As demais médias foram muito semelhantes, porém o couro do N pesou 2,7kg a mais do que o do CN

Indices de umidade, proteína, gordura e cinzas em produto cárneo emulsionado tipo salsicha, colhido no comércio varejista de Belo Horizonte / Indicators of moisture, proteins, fat and ash, in Frankfurter sausages colected in the retailed market of Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Thirty nine samples of Frankfurter sausages from 13 different manufactures were collected in the retail market of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The samples were collected three times, with an interval of 10 days between each collection. Each samples was transported to the laboratory, and analised three times for moisture, protein, fat and ash, showing final average values of 57, 16, 18 and 2,8 per cent respectively